CLAMOXAN 100 ML BIOTESTLAB (AMOXICILLIN WITH CLAVULONIC ACID)
Composition
1 ml of the drug contains active ingredients: amoxicillin (in the form of amoxicillin trihydrate) - 140 mg; clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium clavulanate) - 35 mg.
Excipients: benzyl alcohol, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, colloidal silicon dioxide.
Pharmacological properties
ATS vet classification code QJ01 - antibacterial veterinary drugs for systemic use. QJ01CR02 - Amoxicillin and enzyme inhibitor.
Amoxicillin disrupts the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall by inhibiting the enzymes transpeptidase and carboxypeptidase, which causes osmotic imbalance and death of the bacterium in the growth phase. It has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. (including S agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis), Arcanobacterium spp. (including A. pyogenes), Corynebacteria spp., Clostridium spp., Bacillus anthracis, Actinomyces bovis, Bacillus cereus) and gram-negative (Bacteroides (including ß-lactamase-producing strains), Campilobacterspp., Klebsiella spp., Pasteurella spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum, Haemophilus spp., Moraxella spp., Actinobacillus lignieresi) microorganisms.
Clavulanic acid is one of the natural metabolites of the streptomycete Streptomyces clavulingerus. It is similar to penicillin in that it has a structurally similar core with a ß-lactam ring. Clavulanic acid is a ß-lactamase inhibitor. It penetrates the cell wall of bacteria and binds extracellular and intracellular ß-lactamases.
Amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid significantly expands the spectrum of antimicrobial action of the drug.
When administered parenterally to cattle and pigs, amoxicillin is well absorbed into the blood from the injection site and is rapidly distributed in the body, reaching the highest concentration in muscle tissue, liver, kidneys, digestive tract due to a slight connection with plasma proteins (17-20%). Amoxicillin penetrates the brain and bone fluid in small quantities. The maximum concentration in blood plasma is reached 2-3 hours after administration of the drug and remains at the therapeutic level for 24 hours.
After intramuscular administration to cattle and pigs at a dose of 7 mg/kg b.w. Amoxicillin is well absorbed with a systemic bioavailability in the range of 60-100%. The half-life is 1.5 hours, and the maximum concentration of amoxicillin in serum is about 3 μg/ml.
Amoxicillin is metabolized in the liver to the metabolites amoxicillin acid and amoxicillin diketopiperazine. It is excreted from the body mainly with urine, to a lesser extent with milk and bile.
After intramuscular administration of the drug to cattle and pigs in a therapeutic dose, the maximum concentration of clavulanic acid in serum is about 2 μg/ml. The peak concentration of clavulanic acid in tissues and body fluids is observed one hour after reaching the maximum concentration in serum. The half-life is 0.9-1.5 hours.
Clavulanic acid undergoes active metabolic transformations in the liver and is excreted mainly in the urine, and also partially in the feces.
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in combination do not affect the pharmacokinetics of each other. Both components are characterized by good distribution in body fluids and tissues. The concentration of active substances in the lungs after three injections can reach 30% of the concentration in the blood serum. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid penetrate the placental barrier and in low concentrations enter the milk.
Uses
Treatment of cattle for diseases of the respiratory system (bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, rhinitis), genitourinary system (metritis, cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis), joints, skin and soft tissues (including abscesses) caused by microorganisms sensitive to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.
Treatment of pigs with MMA syndrome (mastitis-metritis-agalactia), as well as diseases of the respiratory system (bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, rhinitis), joints, skin and soft tissues (including abscesses) caused by microorganisms sensitive to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.
The use of the drug should be based on the study of the sensitivity of microorganisms to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and taking into account local recommendations.
Dosage
Intramuscularly at a dose of 1 ml of the drug per 20 kg of body weight (equivalent to 7 mg of amoxicillin and 1.75 mg of clavulanic acid per 1 kg of body weight) 1 time per day for 3-5 days.
Before use, the bottle with the drug must be shaken thoroughly.
For collection, use only dry syringes and dry needles with a diameter of at least 0.8 mm. Before drawing, wipe the cap with a napkin moistened with antiseptic solution. After administration, lightly massage the injection site.
No more than 20 ml can be injected into one injection site - for cattle, 5 ml - for pigs.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.
Do not use the drug in rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters or other small rodents.
Do not use in animals with impaired kidney function.
Do not use simultaneously with antibiotics of the cephalosporin, tetracycline, macrolide groups.
The drug is not intended for the treatment of animals with diseases caused by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas.
Do not administer intravenously.
Side effects
Soreness and temporary swelling may occur at the injection sites.
In some cases, allergic reactions are possible, which quickly disappear after discontinuation of the drug. Intoxication due to overdose is unlikely. In case of allergic reactions, it is advisable to administer corticosteroids and adrenaline to animals.
Use during pregnancy, lactation, laying
It is not recommended to use the drug for pregnant cows in the last month of pregnancy and sows in the first third of gestation.
The drug can be used for lactating animals.
Withdrawal period
Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed 42 days (cattle) and 31 days (pigs) after the last use of the drug.
Milk consumption is allowed 60 hours after the last use of the drug.
The meat and milk obtained before the specified period are disposed of or fed to unproductive animals, depending on the conclusion of the veterinarian.
Release form
Vials made of dark glass or polymeric materials, closed with rubber stoppers under an aluminum cap, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 500 ml.
Shelf life
2 years.
Storage conditions
A dark place, inaccessible to children at a temperature of 5°C to 25°C.
After the first withdrawal from the bottle, the drug must be used within 28 days, provided that it is stored in a dark place at a temperature of 5°C to 25°C.
For use in veterinary medicine!
Manufacturer: Biotestlab Ukraine